Consumption of Sugar Sweetened Beverages and Weight Gain

Consumption of Sugar Sweetened Beverages and Weight Gain

Over the past two decades, obesity has escalated to epidemic proportions within the US and many countries round the world. according to the world Health Organization (WHO), >1 billion adults throughout the world are overweight, with a body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) ≥25. Of these, a minimum of 300 million are considered obese (BMI ≥30). within the united states alone, an estimated 129.6 million persons, or 64th of the population aged 20–74 y, are overweight, and 30 minutes of these 129.6 million are thought of obese. Similar trends are being seen among kids and adolescents, that could lead on to serious health complications in adulthood. 

Overweight and obesity are associated with numerous comorbidities of great public health concern, together with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and breast, endometrial, colon, and prostate cancers. The decreases in productivity and quality of life that result from overweight and fat are linked to elevated medical, psychological, and social costs.

Although obesity results from an imbalance of energy physiological state, the true mechanisms underlying this process and effective ways for prevention and treatment remain unknown. In general, obesity reflects complex interactions of genetic, metabolic, cultural, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. National survey information within the united states have indicated that, over the past 20 y, concomitant with the increase in rates of overweight and obesity, consumption of carbohydrates, largely within the form of added sugars, has increased. Between 1977 and 1996, the proportion of energy from the consumption of caloric sweeteners rose from 13.1% to 16.0% (a 22nd increase), and in 1994–1996, > half-hour of carbohydrates consumed within the united states by persons aged ≥2 y came from caloric sweeteners. As a result, the 2000 and 2005 Dietary guidelines for Americans suggested the public to choose beverages and foods which will decrease their intake of added sugars, and the who has suggested that another sugars should provide no more than 100% of dietary energy.

Current estimates are that the mean intake of added sugar by Americans accounts for 15.8% of total energy and that the largest supply of these added sugars is non diet soft drinks, which account for 47th of total added sugars within the diet. The term soft drink encompasses sodas along with other sugar-sweetened beverages like fruit drinks, lemonade, and iced tea. The term soda encompasses sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages like colas. Consumption of these beverages was shown to increase by 135th between 1977 and 2001. it's calculable that, during this time, daily caloric sweetener consumption within the united states increased by 83 kcal per person, of which 54 kcal/d is from soda. in the united states, on average, corn syrup $3a 12-oz serving [12 oz = 1 can of soda (or 1 soda) = 1 serving] of soda provides 150 k cal and 40–50 g sugar in the form of high-fructose corn syrup [(HFCS) ≈45% glucose and 55th fructose], that is equivalent to ten teaspoons of table sugar. If these calories are added to the typical U.S. diet without reducing intake from alternative sources, 1 soda/d could lead to a weight gain of 15 lb or six.75 kg in 1 year.

Paralleling the pattern of soda consumption is that of the consumption of fruit drinks and fruitades (drinks made by adding water to powder or crystals), that are similarly sweetened and are often consumed in large amounts by toddlers and young kids. Of the total 83 kcal/d increase within the consumption of caloric sweetener, 13 kcal/d is estimated to have come from fruit drinks. Consumption of those fruit drinks and soda represents nearly 81 of the increase in caloric sweetener intake across 2 recent decades within the united states. in addition, the increased consumption of HFCS, the prevailing sweetener used to flavor calorically sweet beverages within the united states, has been found to mirror the growth of the obesity epidemic. it's been suggested that the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages could promote weight gain and obesity by increasing overall energy intake. several studies evaluated the relation between the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain and obesity, however discrepant results made it difficult to ascertain whether a direct link exists. This review critically examines the current evidence for an association between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain and obesity.

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has increased dramatically within the past decades, in parallel with increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity within the united states. Currently, sugary soft drinks contribute ≈8%–9% of total energy intake in each children and adults. although it's long been suspected that soft drinks contribute at least in part to the obesity epidemic, solely in recent years have large epidemiological studies begun to investigate the relation between soft-drink consumption and long-term weight gain.

Sugar-sweetened beverages, significantly soda, provide very little nutritional benefit and increase weight gain and probably the chance of diabetes, fractures, and tooth decay. given that world incidence rates of overweight and obesity are on the increase, particularly among kids and adolescents, it is imperative that current public health strategies include education about beverage intake. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages like soda and fruit drinks should be discouraged, and efforts to promote the consumption of other beverages like water, low-fat milk, and small quantities of fruit juice should be made a priority.

The consumption of soft drinks has also been linked to other health consequences, which are apparent to the greatest degree in youngsters and adolescents. Savoca et, al. found that the intake of caffeine from soda (10–16 mg/100 g) may increase blood pressure in adolescents, particularly those of African american background, thereby increasing their risk of high blood pressure, although this adolescent population’s blood pressure can also be affected by dietary and lifestyle practices for which the consumption of caffeinated beverages is a marker. Additional research is therefore warranted, particularly because the incidence of adolescent high blood pressure is on the rise. Recent findings recommend that regular coffee consumption may reduce the chance of diabetes. However, the advantages of low area unit possibly thanks to parts of low, like chlorogenic acid and metallic element, apart from alkaloid, as a result of each caffeinated low and java are found to lower risk of polygenic disorder.