Food Science

INTRODUCTION HACCP is a management method that addresses food safety by analyzing and controlling biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement, and handling to final product manufacturing, distribution, and consumption. Management must be fully committed to the HACCP idea for a successful implementation of a HACCP plan. Top management's unwavering commitment to HACCP instills in company personnel the importance of creating safe food. HACCP is intended for use in all aspects of the food industry, including growing, harvesting, manufacturing, manufacturing, distributing, marketing, and food preparation. For example, current Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) are a crucial foundation for the formulation and execution of successful HACCP strategies. HACCP-based food safety systems have been successfully implemented in food processing factories, retail food shops, and food service companies. The seven HACCP principles are broadly acknowledged by ...

Strengthen Your Immune System  The first line of defense is choosing a healthy lifestyle. The following general health guidelines are the single best step in maintaining the natural functioning of the immune system. All parts of your body, including the immune system, work better when you are protected from environmental attacks, and these are supported by healthy lifestyle strategies: Don't smoke. Eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables. Exercise regularly. Maintain a healthy weight. If you drink alcohol, drink only in moderation. Get adequate sleep. Take steps to avoid infection, such as washing your hands frequently and cooking meats thoroughly. Try to minimize stress. Keep current with all recommended vaccines. Vaccines prime your immune system to fight off infections before they take hold in your body. Increase Immunity the Healthy Way     Many products on store shelves claim to strengthen or support immunity. But the idea of ​​raising immunity doesn't make much sci...

Genetically Modified Food      Genetically Modified Foods (GMF) are comprised of organisms that have had their genes altered to introduce traits not created through  natural selection . Genetically modified foods (commonly fruits and vegetables) had been commercially available since the 1994.1 Modifying the genetic code of a fruit, vegetable or animal includes introducing a gene from any other organism. Genetically Modified Food Controversy and Critics      Critics argue that genetically modified foods need to be categorized in another way from conventionally produced food. They argue there may be uncertainty concerning the long-term health affects on consumers, in addition to the effect at the environment. For example, genetically modified organisms may squeeze out conventional fruits and vegetables from the environment. This in turn could effect animals, insects and different organisms that depend upon those plants to survive. Critics additiona...

FOOD FORTIFICATION      Globally, over 2 billion individuals, together with women and youngsters, don't get the micronutrients they have to survive and thrive. The impacts of micronutrient deficiencies are devastating for people, families and whole countries.      Poor diet and limited access to nutritious foods are among the key reasons why somebody may lack crucial micronutrients for human development such as: iron, folic acid, vitamin a and iodine.      Food fortification has been in place in industrialized nations since the first 20th century and has helped to eliminate deficiency-related diseases in high-income countries, however its success in low- and middle-income countries is somewhat limited. this can be because of barriers like lack of political can, which regularly results in under-prioritization by governments, the food fortification industry’s lack of capability and resources, ineffective and weak regulation and enforcement, and...

  HIDDEN HUNGER: Hidden hunger is also called deficiencies of micronutrients, afflicts more than two billion people, or globally 1 individual in three individuals (FAO 2013). Its effects can be destroying, leads to poor health, mental impairment, low productivity, or even death. The adverse effects on child survival and health are mostly acute, particularly in the first thousand (1,000 days) of the child's life, from conception to the age of two, resulting in cognitive consequences and serious physical. But the deficiencies from mild to moderate affect the development and well-being of a person. Additionally, to affecting human health, hidden hunger can curtail socio-economic development, especially in middle and low-income countries. Hidden hunger is the type of under-nutrition which occurs when absorption or intake of vitamins and minerals such as iron, iodine, and zinc are very low in food to maintain good health and development. Micronutrient deficiencies including the poor...

Food technology Solved MCQs Who is responsible for safe food handling in the food premises? (a) Head Chef (b) Owner (c) Anyone handling food (d) All of the above Food in the Refrigerator must be kept at: (a) 0ºC-5ºC (b) 0ºC-8ºC (c) 0ºC-10ºC (d) 0ºC-12ºC The food temperature ‘danger zone’ is between what temperature range? (a) 15ºC-75ºC (b) 5ºC-80ºC (c) 5ºC-60ºC (d) 0ºC-15ºC How can you tell if food has enough bacteria to cause food poisoning? (a) It smells bad (b) It tastes bad (c) It smells, tastes and looks bad (d) You can’t tell. It smell, tastes and looks normal The correct way to thaw food is: (a) Leave on the bench over night (b) In the refrigerator on the bottom shelf (c) In the sink (d) Cook it still frozen When reheating cooked foods or cooking stuffed meat or poultry, the internal temperature should be at least: (a) 100ºC (b) 37ºC (c) 75ºC (d) 50ºC Foods not likely to support bacterial growth are: (a) Fresh meat and poultry (b) Fish and seafood (c) Dried pasta, noodles or bre...

Food science and Technology Short Definitions Contaminants are any harmful substances accidentally or intentionally added to food, that make it unfit for consumption. Double fortification and multiple fortifications refer to the addition of 2 or greater than 2 nutrients respectively to a particular food. Enrichment is a method of restoration of vitamins and minerals lost during process. (Hoffpauer and Wright, 1994). Food Additive may be a substance that is not consumed as a food by itself, but is added to food to boost its functional, physical and sensory attributes or to preserve it. Quality Assurance (QA) is the process of planning, documenting and agreeing on a collection of guidelines that are necessary to prevent contaminants from entering into the food right from the procurement of raw materials to the distribution of the finished product. Quality Control (QC) refers to all activities that are designed to determine the level of quality of the delivered food product. It invo...

Consumption of Sugar Sweetened Beverages and Weight Gain Over the past two decades, obesity has escalated to epidemic proportions within the US and many countries round the world. according to the world Health Organization (WHO), >1 billion adults throughout the world are overweight, with a body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) ≥25. Of these, a minimum of 300 million are considered obese (BMI ≥30). within the united states alone, an estimated 129.6 million persons, or 64th of the population aged 20–74 y, are overweight, and 30 minutes of these 129.6 million are thought of obese. Similar trends are being seen among kids and adolescents, that could lead on to serious health complications in adulthood.  Overweight and obesity are associated with numerous comorbidities of great public health concern, together with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and breast, endometrial, colon, and prostate cancers. The decreases in productivity and quality of life that result f...

 Major differences between Quality Control and Quality Assurance

Possible Side Effects of Drinking too much Water Swells up your cells Sodium and potassium ions in your body maintain the fluid balance between the cells and also the blood. However, once there's excess water within the blood and salt and ions within the cells, water rushes into the cells and swells them up. this can be risky for your nerve cells of your brain due to the restricted area within the skull and may result in seizures, headaches and brain injury. Low Potassium levels Low potassium levels are another side effect of over hydration. this could cause symptoms like vomiting, low blood pressure, nausea, and diarrhea. thus if your body is in a state of water retention, its best to not drink a lot of water. Low sodium levels Drinking an excessive amount of water will disturb your body's overall sodium balance. Critically, it should be 145 m Eq/L however when it goes lower than 135 m Eq/L, it may result in the swelling up of cells due to an excessive amount of water. in case...

Effects of Beverages on Digestion Eating and Drinking together To drink a beverage while eating is really not necessary, and it could upset digestion generally. whether the drink is hot or cold, it's better to save it for after you have eaten  completely. according to Raw Food Explained.com, the drink interferes with digestions as a result of the digestive liquid and enzymes get carried out with the drink instead of staying in the stomach. Also, taking a swig of a drink may wash down food that has not been properly broken down through chewing and mix with saliva within the mouth. Cold Beverages Slow Digestion According to Susan E. Brown, PhD, cold foods and beverages slow down the speed of digestion as a result of they must be "heated up" before proper digestion can take place. Cold beverages are removed from the stomach more quickly. Those at room temperature keep in the stomach longer. that's why marathon runners attempt to hyperhydrate and drink cold water before a...

Functional Foods The first definition of functional foods has been established in Japan. In 1991, the Japanese law entered the work definition “foods for specified health use” (FOSHU) which allowed the first health claims at the food labeling. The FOSHU can be foods which exhibit health effect, used as foods in a diet, and are in the form of foods not as supplements. A 2nd definition of functional foods developed by the “Functional Food Science in Europe” (FUFOSE): “Functional food is a food with certain beneficial results on one or more goal functions in the frame beyond the basic nutritional outcomes with a result the improved health state and properly being or reduction of risk of diseases. It is consumed as part of a normal diet and is not used in the shape of pill or capsule or any other form of dietary supplement” . Recently, the Functional Food Center (FFC) introduced a new definition for functional foods as: “Natural or processed foods that contains known or unknown biologicall...

Does wearing a face mask cause a lack of oxygen in the body? Unlike countries such as Japan and China, where the use of face masks has long been common, covering the face with a cloth is becoming a new practice in Pakistan and other countries to limit the spread of the corona virus. When it comes to covering the mouth and nose, most people think that a face mask can cause the body to lack oxygen or to inhale only the breath that comes out of the mouth. But that doesn't happen and there are scientific reasons behind it. Viz-fitting surgical masks and cloth masks are porous, air passes through them easily, but tiny particles from the respiratory system are difficult to pass through. That's why face masks are considered effective in preventing the germs that can spread the disease, which may otherwise be present in the air. Wearing a mask may make you feel that the air flow has decreased, which is reducing the amount of oxygen in the arteries or in the body tissues. However, face ...

What to Eat when Tired The color of your face and skin shows how tired you are. Tired eyes and dark circles around them are also a reflection of fatigue. Getting a good night's sleep can solve these problems, but if you do not have time to rest, these problems can be solved with food. Green Tea Green tea can restore your youthful beauty. The polyphenol particles in green tea rejuvenate skin cells, restore the glow of youth to your skin and also help reduce wrinkles. Consumption of salmon Salmon contains a large amount of healthy nutrients that reduce skin irritation and improve its condition. Promotes smooth and hydrated skin. Nutrients such as omega 3 fatty acids and magnesium improve blood flow to the skin which makes the skin healthy and glowing. Drink more water. Our skin stays hydrated all the time and use plain water to achieve good and healthy skin. I can get a lot of help. When you are hydrated, your skin looks younger and fresher. This is a basic concept that everyone shou...

The Importance of Food Hygiene Food Hygiene, otherwise called Food Safety can be defined as handling, preparing and storing food or drink in the way that best reduces the risk of consumers becoming sick from the food-borne illness. The principles of food safety aim to stop food from turning into contaminated and causing food poisoning. With this in mind, ensuring that food is safe for human consumption is likely the most important part of the food preparation process. This ranges from what is known as farm to fork, which means from the farms all the way to your plate. This means that food hygiene is very important at home further as in the restaurant, retail store or food manufacturing plant. There has become an ever-increasing awareness of food safety by the general public and news agencies are reporting on food recalls and outbreaks much more often. Reviewing the available statistics, The CDC estimates that every year 48 million individuals get sick from a foodborne illness,...

What is the Function of Hemoglobin in our Body and How to Overcome its deficiency? Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells in humans - these cells are responsible for maintaining oxygen in the body. In addition, hemoglobin releases carbon dioxide from the cells and releases it into the lungs, which a person inhales and exhales - but low hemoglobin levels can make it difficult for the body to perform these functions. Reasons: Hemoglobin deficiency occurs for a variety of reasons, including pregnancy or iron deficiency in the body, liver or kidney problems, or a chronic illness - a man should have a hemoglobin level of 13.5 grams per deciliter (g / dL). And a woman should have 12 g / dL - less than that would be considered a decrease in hemoglobin. Symptoms: The following symptoms may occur in case of low hemoglobin level and a doctor should be consulted as soon as they appear. Irregular heartbeat or rapid heartbeat Dizziness Feeling weak in muscles Headache Yellowing of the ...

Foods to Boost the Immune System! Give your immune system a boost with healthful, plant-based foods.  As corona-virus (COVID-19) has impacted communities round the world, many of us have questioned whether or not there whether steps they will want keep healthy. Everyday preventive measures—such as hand washing, avoiding contact with sick people, and smart hygiene—can go an extended approach in reducing your risk for viruses, bacteria, and different pathogens.  In addition, however, there's proof that nutrition and different life style measures influence immune strength and susceptible to infectious diseases. Whether these measures do or don't influence susceptibleness to COVID-19 or its clinical course isn't nevertheless identified. However, there's each reason to place what we have a tendency to do understand foods and immune defenses to use. Here is what we all know now:  Diet Eating a low-fat, plant-based diet could assist in giving the immune system a lift. ...

Materials use in Food Packaging Package style and construction play a big role in decisive the period of a foodstuff. The correct choice of packaging materials and technologies maintains product quality and freshness throughout distribution and storage. Materials that have historically been employed in food packaging embrace glass, metals (aluminum, foils, and laminates, tinplate, and tin‐free steel), paper and paperboard, and plastics. Moreover, a wider form of plastics are introduced in each rigid and versatile forms. Today's food packages usually mix many materials to take advantage of every material's useful, or aesthetic properties. As analysis to boost food packaging continues, advances within the field could have an affect on the environmental impact of packaging. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates packaging materials underneath section 409 of the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. The first technique of regulation is through the food contact notifi...